Italy still does not meet the standards set by the European Union, so that emissions of PM10 are still too high compared to limits. For this reason it will be judged by the Court of Justice in Luxembourg, together with Cyprus, Portugal and Spain. A reminder from the last six months provided for in the infringement proceedings, the European Commission has now decided to request the intervention of the Court, sanctions for defaulting Member States.
The first warning from the European Commission to Italy, by a letter of formal notice, dates back to early 2009, shortly after the entry into force of the last European directive on air quality. Directive 2008/50/EC (in force since June 18, 2008) required EU countries to limit the exposure of citizens to the fine, insisting the annual maximum concentration values \u200b\u200b(40 micrograms per cubic meter) and concentration daily ( 50 micrograms per cubic meter not to be exceeded more than 35 times in a calendar year) established since 2005, which can be overcome up to 35 times every twelve months. Under this law each state had to share their territory in several areas, and monitor the levels of pollution. The directive also authorized Member States that they needed to ask for further time to adjust to the new standards. The deadline could be postponed for three years (ie until June 2011) for complying with the standards for PM10 and a maximum of five years for nitrogen dioxide and benzene.
To obtain an extension it was necessary to demonstrate that they have taken reasonable steps to bring the values \u200b\u200bof fine particles under in 2011, and had prepared a recovery plan for air quality. After the first call, addressed to the ten Member States (Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden) that had not yet received any request for an extension, or had made requests for areas beyond the limits of PM10, Italy asked for a period of about 80 areas of 17 provinces and autonomous regions. The extensions were approved in some areas and rejected for most of the territories, which did not meet the conditions required by the Directive and which were not provided adequate safeguards in respect of the schedule. On 1 February 2010, the Commission ruled on the second extension request by Italy on 12 areas of Campania, Puglia and Sicily, passing a single request in Campania. On May 5, 2010, Italy has received the final reasoned opinion of the infringement procedure. This is the second and final written warning sent by the Commission, before the appeal to the Court of Justice in Luxembourg. Pending the trial, now Italy has until Dec. 31 to comply with the obligations and avoid penalties.
air quality, waste water treatment, energy efficiency of buildings: Italy is lagging behind in implementing European standards, as confirmed by the Brussels appeals to our country.
particulate emissions come mainly from industry, transport and domestic heating and can cause several health problems like asthma, cardiovascular problems and lung cancer. Member States - as did Italy, Cyprus, Portugal and Spain - can apply for an extension to come into compliance with these limits until June 30, 2011, subject however to comply with certain condizioni. I quattro Paesi hanno superato i valori massimi di Pm10 in molte zone dei rispettivi territori nazionali, senza predisporre adeguati piani contro l’inquinamento che avrebbero fruttato la proroga al 2011. Perciò la Commissione ha deciso di adottare il pugno di ferro. Il risanamento della qualità dell’aria potrebbe partire proprio dalle città italiane che rappresentano il terreno privilegiato per attivare processi di riduzione delle emissioni inquinanti e per combattere i cambiamenti climatici migliorando la qualità della vita dei cittadini. E’ urgente un piano di rilancio del trasporto pubblico, ferroviario in primis, con l’acquisto di nuovi treni per i pendolari. Bisogna attuare, in tutte le aree più densamente urbanizzate, an exceptional level of 100 new light rail, bus lanes with large protected with intelligent traffic lights at intersections, bus stops accessible, comfortable and sheltered. In this way you could take in a couple of years, hundreds of thousands of cars entering and circulating in the city and province, every day.
The official method of detection approved by the European Union and then by Italy (as well as the U.S. Environmental Agency), which is what gravity is to capture in a filter of Teflon, quartz or the glass fiber particles suspended in a given volume of air to then determine the weight by weighing manual. This technique allows determine the concentration by mass over volume (micrograms/m3) and is used for both PM10 and for PM2, 5.
The air is sampled through appropriate collection devices to select the size of the particles.
E 'can be measured PM10 using automated measurement systems with a certificate of equivalence with the reference method.
The automated measurement systems for PM10 using the most commonly used methodology based on the beta attenuation or attenuation of energy associated with an electron beam, which occurs as a result of dell'attraversamento a thin layer of material . Beta particles are emitted from a radioactive source of carbon-14 and detected by a Geiger counter. The measurement is done by measuring the absorption of beta radiation before and after the capture of suspended particles.
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